1) Which of the following units respresent largest amount of energy ?
2) Thermodynamic equilibrium involves
3) In an adiabatic expansion of ideal gas
4) When one mole of a gas is heated at constant volume, temperature is raised from 298 to 308 K. Heat supplied to gas is 500 J. Then which statement is correct ?
5) The intensive property among these quantities is
6) In a closed insulated container, a liquid is stirred with a paddle to increase the temperature. Which of the following is true ?
7) An adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas always has
8) Mechanical work is specially important in system that contains
9) System in which there is no exchange of matter, work or energy from surrounding is
10) In thermodynamics which one of the following is not an intensive property ?
11) The final temperature in an adiabatic expansion is
12) Work done in expanding 10 moles of an ideal gas, isothermally and reversibly from a pressure of 5 atm to 1 atm at 300 K is
13) One mole of an ideal gas is expanded isothermally and reversibly from an initial pressure of 1.0 bar to a final pressure of 0.1 bar at a constant temperature of 273 K. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this context. ?
14) A gas can expand from 100 mL to 250 mL under a constant prssure of 2 atm. The work done by gas is
15) The internal energy change when a system goes from state A to B is 40 kJ/ mole.If the system goes from A to B by a reversible path and returns to state A by an irreversible path what would be the net change in internal energy ?
16) Identify the state quantity among the following
17) Which of the following statements is false ?
18) Two moles of an ideal gas is expanded isothermally and reversibly from 1 L to 10 L at 300 K. The enthalpy change ( in kJ) for the process
19) In thermodynamics, a process is called reversibly when
20) Calculate the heat of reaction for the hydrogenation of acetylene if (i) Heat of formation of water = - 68.3 kcal (ii) Heat of combustion of acetylene = - 310.6 kcal (iii) Heat of combustion of ethylene = - 337.2 kcal
21) Which of the following reaction corresponds to the definition of enthalpy of formation ?
22) The heat change at constant volume for the decomposition of silver (I) oxide is found to be 30.66 kJ. The heat change at constant pressure will be
23) In general, for exothermic reactions to be spontaneous
24) The heat of neutralization is maximum when
25) Heat of neutralization of a strong acid by a strong base is a constant value because
26) Heat of combustion is always
27) Evaporation of water is
28) An endothermic reaction is one in which
29) An exothermic reaction is one in which the reacting substances
30) Heat of neutralisation of strong acid against strong base in constant and is equal to
31) Hess's law deals with
32) The law of Lavoisier and Laplace illustrates
33) Heat capacity is
34) Variation of heat of reaction with temperature is known as
35) Compounds with high heat of formation are less stable because
36) The heat absorbed at constant volume is equal to the system's change in
37) If a reaction involves only solids and liquids, which of the following is true ?
38) Enthalpy of an exothermic reaction is always
39) Heat exchanged in a chemical reaction at constant temperature and pressure is called
40) In order of decompose 9 g of water, 142.5 kJ of heat is required. Hence enthalpy of formation of water is
41) Which of the following is not correct ?
42) Enthalpy of formation HF and HCl is - 161 kJ and - 92 kJ respectively. Which of the following statements is incorrect ?
43) Heat liberated when 100 mL of 1 N NaOH is neutralised by 300 mL of 1 N HCl.
44) Hess's law states that
45) The heat required to raise the emperature of a body by 1 K is called
46) The enthalpy change for a reaction does not depend upon
47) Entropy change of the system and the surroundings in equilibrium
48) Which of the following does not result in an increase in the entropy ?
49) The unit of entropy is
50) For a reversible reaction at temperature T, which of the following is correct ?
51) For an isothermal, reversible expansion of an ideal gas
52) Which of the following expressions is not correct?
53) A particular reaction has a negative value for the free energy change. Then at ordinary temperature
54) Which of the following is not an intensive property?
55) In a bomb calorimeter, the heat of reaction is measured at
56) If temperature remains constant during the process, it is called an
57) The entropy of the universe
58) Which of the following enthalpies is always negative?
59) Which of the following has highest entropy?
60) Entropy change for an adiabatic reversible process is
61) The temperature of the system decreases in an
62) Thermodynamic equilibrium involves
63) The enthalpies of elements in their standard state are taken as zero. Hence the enthalpy of formation of a compound
64) When potassium chloride is dissolved in water
65) According to third law of thermodynamics, the entrophy of crystalline substances at absolute zero is taken as
66) All the naturally occurring processes proceed spontaneously in a direction which leads to
67) Free energy, G may be defined as
68) When a solid changes into liquid, the entropy
69) Entropy is a measure of
70) When a solid is converted directly into gaseous state , the process is called sublimation. The entropy change during the process is
71) Which of the following processes is accompanied by decrease in entropy?
72) A spontaneous change in one in which the system suffers.
73) If there is no exchange of heat between the system and the surrounding during the process. It is called
74) An endothermic reaction is allowed to occur very rapidly in the air. The temperature of the surrounding air
75) Which of the following is not an intensive property?
76) Which of the following is not a state function?
77) Which of the following modes of energy constitutes both kinetic energy and potential energy?
78) Which of the following gases has the highest heat of combution?
79) The energy of molecular motion appears in the form of
80) The enthalpies of formation of organic substances are conveniently determined from
81) Two objects are said to be in thermal equilibrium if they have same
82) An isolated system is that system in which
83) The entropy of a perfect crystalline solid at absolute zero is
84) Variation of heat of reaction with temperature is known as
85) The free energy change for a reaction is zero when
86) The enthalpy of formation of two compounds A and B are -84kJ and -156kJ respectively. Which one of the following statements is correct?
87) The change in entropy of an ideal gas during a reversible isothermal expansion is
88) In which case of mixing of a strong acid and a strong base each of 1 M concentration, temperature increase is highest?
89) Which of the following is not an endothermic reaction?
90) In thermodynamics, a process is called reversible when
91) Which of the following statements is false?
92) The enthalpy change for a reaction does not depend upon
93) Identify the correct statement regarding a spontaneous process
94) In an exothermic reaction, the reactants
95) The variation of heat of reaction with temperature is given by an equation known as
96) In an endothermic reaction
97) An adiabatic process is one in which
98) Which of the following processes is not accompanied by increase of entropy?
99) Which of the following conditions is not favourable for the feasibility of a process?
100) In which of the following cases, the reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures?
101) In an adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas
102) Which of the following reaction represents enthalpy of formation of AgCl?
103) For a reversible process at equilibrium, the change in entropy may be expressed as
104) Free energy is related to enthalpy and entropy changes as
105) For an equilibrium state.
106) Which of the following neutralisation reactions is most exothermic?
107) Which of the following equations represents standard heat of formation of methane?
108) The units of entropy are
109) Which of the following quantities is not a state function?
110) In an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas
111) For a spontaneous endothermic reaction
112) The heat of combustion of yellow phosphorus and red phosphorus are -9.91 kJ and -8.78 kJ respectively. The heat of transition of yellow phosphorus to red phosphorus is
113) For an ideal gas, the joule Thomson co-efficient is equal to
114) The entalpies of combustion of some fuels are given below. Which of these has lowest efficiency as fuel per gram?
115) Which of the following statements / relationships is not correct?
116) When 1000 ml of a 1M solution of sulphuric acid is neutralised by a strong base in dilute solution. The standard enthalpy of neutralisation is
117) Which of the following salts will have maximum cooling effect when 0.5 mole of the salt is dissolved in same amount of water. Integral heat of solution at 298 K is given for each salt?
118) Which of the following properties of a system undergoing change at a constant temperature and pressure is a measure of the maximum useful work that the system can do?
119) Which of the following values of heat of formation indicates that the product is least stable?
120) In which of the following neutralisation reaction. the heat of neutralisation will be highest?
121) For a reaction to be spontaneous at all temperatures
122) The enthalpy of neutralisation of any strong acid and strong base is nearly equal to
123) For a reaction to occur spontaneously
124) For n moles of an ideal gas
125) Which of the following expressions is true?
126) When an ideal gas is suddenly allowed to expand adiabatically into an evacuated container, then
127) Molar heat capacity of water in equilibrium with ice at constant pressure is
128) The bond energies of C - C, C = C, H- H and C - H linkages are 350, 600, 400 and 410 kJ per mol respectively. The heat of hydrogenation of ethylene is
129) Two moles of an ideal gas is expanded isothermally and reversibly from 1 L to 10 L at 300 K. The enthalpy change (in kJ) for the process is
130) For a reaction to proceed simultaneously.
131) When 1 mole of a gas is heated at constant volume, temperature is raised from 298K to 308K. Heat supplied to the gas is 500J. Then which statement is correct
132) If the system does not exchange heat with the surrounding, the process is
133) Which of the following is an intensive property?
134) System in which there is no exchange of matter work or energy with the surrounding is
135) Considering entropy (s) as a thermodynamic parameter, the criterion for the spontaneity of any process is
136) The enthalpy of a monoatomic gas at T kelvin is
137) A reaction occurs spontaneously if
138) Which of the following pairs of a chemical reaction is certain to result in a spontaneous reaction?
139) Which of the following are not state functions? (I) q + w (II) q (III) w (IV) H - TS
140) Thermodynamically the most stable from of carbon is
141) Which of these species has a standard enthalpy of formation equal to zero?
142) Which one of the following demonstrates a decrease in entropy?
143) When an ideal gas is allowed to expand adiabatically into an evacuted vessel then
144) A gas expands from 1.5 L to 6.5 L against a constant pressure of 0.5 atm and during this process, the gas also absorbs 100 J of heat. The change in internal energy is
145) Which of the following is not true regarding entropy?
146) the standard enthalpy of combustion of solid boron is equal to
147) The state of maximum entropy for water is
148) The net energy change in a reversible cyclic process is
149) Which of the following set contain only all extensive or intensive properties?
150) Which of the following statements is false?
151) In thermodynamics, a process is called reversible when
152) Which of the following expression is true?
153) The total entropy change for a system and its surroundings increases, if the process is
154) The change in entropy of an ideal gas during a reversible isothermal expansion is
155) For which of the following reaction, the change in enthalpy is equal to change in internal energy?
156) 4.6 g of iron combines with sulphur evolving 8.27 kJ. The heat of formation of iron sulphide is
157) Which of the following statement is not correct?
158) In which of the following, entropy decreases:
159) All the naturally occurring processes proceed spontaneously in a direction which leads to
160) In general, for exothermic reactions to be spontaneous
161) For a reaction to occur spontaneously
162) For a process to be spontaneous
163) A reaction is not feasible, if
164) Identify the correct statement regarding entropy
165) The law of thermodynamics that provides the basis for the determination of absolute entropy of a substance is
166) According to the second law of thermodynamics, a process ( reaction ) is spontaneous, if during the process
167) The law formulated by Nernst is
168) The reaction is spontaneous if the cell potential.
169) Free energy change for a reversible process is
170) Which of the following statements is true ?
171) The favourable conditions for a spontaneous reaction are
172) One mole of a perfect gas expands isothermally to ten times its original volume. The change in entropy is
173) Which of the following pairs, of a chemical reaction, is certain to result in a spontaneous reaction ?
174) If an endothermic reaction is non - spontaneous at freezing point of water and becomes feasible at its boiling point, then
175) In an irreversible process taking place at constant T and P and in which only pressure - volume work is being done, the change in Gibb's free energy ( dG) and change in entropy (dS), satisfy the criteria.
176) Which of the following conditions regarding the chemical process ensures its spontaneity at all temperatures ?
177) Which of the following is true for an adiabatic process ?
178) Which of the following is not a state function ?
179) When a gas undergoes adiabatics expansion, it gets cooled due to
180) Which of the following pairs has heat of neutralisation equal to 13.7 kcal ?
181) Maximum entropy will be in which of the following ?
182) For equilibrium reaction, value of Gibb's free energy change is
183) In which case reaction is spontaneous ?
184) Identify the correct statement regarding a spontaneous process
185) Among the following, the state function(s) is (are)
186) Which reaction either endothermic or exothermic characteristics has the greater chance of occurring spontaneously?
187) Net work done by the system in a cyclic process is equal to:
188) A thermodynamic quantity is that:
189) The Gibbs energy change for a reversible reaction at equilibrium is:
190) The ratio of slopes of logP vs logV for reversible adiabatic process and reversible isothermal process of an ideal gas is equal to:
191) A boiled egg show a/an …in entropy.
192) Which unit represents largest amount of energy?
193) A thermally isolated gaseous system can exchange energy with the surroundings. The mode of transference of energy can be:
194) Warming ammonium chloride with sodium hydroxide in a test tube is an example of:
195) The matter has highest entropy in:
196) Which of the following statement is true?
197) For an adiabatic process:
198) Which of the following taking place in the blast furnace is endothermic?
199) Hess’s law is used to calculate
200) During an adiabatic process:
201) For spontaneity of a cell, which is correct?
202) Work done in reversible isothermal process is given by:
203) A thermodynamic state function is:
204) Internal energy of an ideal gas depends on:
205) When two atoms of hydrogen combine to form a molecule of hydrogen gas, the energy of the molecule is:
206) Hess’s law is based on
207) Which is an extensive property of the system?
208) The apparatus generally used for measuring heat changes is:
209) Which is not characteristic of thermochemical equation?
210) Thermochemistry is the study of relationship between heat energy and :
211) Which of the following is an intensive property?
212) Change in entropy for a reaction is given by:
213) At constant pressure and temperature, the direction of any chemical reaction is one where, the … decrease.
214) Follow definition of ionisation energy.
215) If a gas has 2 atm and 5 atm pressure at 30℃ and 27℃ respectively. Then it will
216) When 500 J heat is given to the gas X in an isobaric process its work done comes out as 142.8 J. The gas X is
217) The efficiency of heat engine is maximum when:
218) To calculate the amount of work done in joules during reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas, the volume must be expressed in
219) Calorific value of carbohydrates is approximately:
220) Which of the following is correct for an ideal gas :
221) A spontaneous change is one in which the system suffers
222) An exothermic reaction is one in which the reacting substances
223) Which is correct for an endothermic reaction?
224) When a solid melts, there is:
225) A closed flask contains water in all its three states, solids, liquid and vapour at 0℃. In this situation the average KE of the water molecule will be:
226) An isolated system is that system in which:
227) The entropy of the universe:
228) When two moles of hydrogen expands isothermally against a constant pressure of 1 atm, at 25℃ from 15 L to 50 L, the work done (in litre atm) will be
229) The first law of thermodynamic is expressed as
230) Which value of heat of formation indicates that the product is the least stable?
231) A process is taking place at constant temperature and pressure. Then
232) Based on the first law of thermodynamics, which one of the following is correct?
233) In which case, a spontaneous reaction is possible at any temperature?
234) Select the incorrect statement :
235) An isothermal process is associated with:
236) At 27℃ one mole of an ideal gas is compressed isothermally and reversible from a pressure of 2 atm to 10 atm. The value of ∆E and q are (R=2 cal)
237) Which one of the following is an exothermic reaction?
238) If liquids A and B from an ideal solution, the:
239) In which of the following cases entropy decreases?
240) Which of the following is correct option for free expansion of an ideal gas under adiabatic condition?
241) Which of the following is a path function?
242) The work done by a system is 8 J, when 40 J heat is supplied to it. The change in internal energy of the system during the process is:
243) Heat of reaction at constant volume is equal to :
244) Which are correct to express work terms?
245) In which of the following condition a chemical reaction can not occur?
246) Which is not a spontaneous process?
247) Entropy change of fusion at constant pressure is given by:
248) When hydrogen and oxygen burn to form water in an oxyhydrogen torch, the entropy change is:
249) The gas in a refrigerator causes cooling on expansion because:
250) The temperature coefficient of e.m.f. of a cell can be given by:
251) The internal energy of one mole of a gas is:
252) The correct thermochemical equation is :
253) In which of the following reactions, standard reaction entropy change (∆S°) is positive and standard Gibbs’s energy change (∆G°) decreases sharply with increasing temperature?
254) A gaseous reaction was carried out, first keeping the volume constant and next keeping the pressure constant. In the second experiment, there was an increase in volume. The heats of reaction were different, because :
255) A positive change in enthalpy occurs in :
256) A gas expands isothermally and reversibly. The work done by the gas is:
257) Minimum work is obtained when 1 kg of … gas expanded under 500 kPa to 200 kPa pressure at 0℃.
258) The temperature of the system decreases in an
259) Internal energy and pressure of a gas of unit volume are related as:
260) We believe in the laws of thermodynamics because they are
261) If a chemical change is brought about by one or more methods in one or more steps, then the amount of heat absorbed or evolved during the complete course of reaction is same, whichever method was followed. This law is known as :
262) The change in entropy, ∆S is positive for an endothermic reaction. If enthalpy charge ∆H occurs at the same temperature T, then the reaction is feasible:
263) A reaction accompanied with the absorption of energy is :
264) Which of the following is an endothermic reaction?
265) The second law of thermodynamics introduced the concept of:
266) The total amount of energy in the universe is fixed, but:
267) Which compound will absorb the maximum amount of heat when dissolved in the same amount of water? (Integral heats of solution at 25⁰C in kcal/mol of each solute are given in brackets):
268) A container has hydrogen and oxygen mixture in ratio of 1 : 1 by weight, then
269) Which one is not a spontaneous process?
270) The enthalpy change is negative for :
271) 1 mole of gas occupying 3 L volume is expanded against a constant external pressure of 1 atm to a volume of 15 litre. The work done by the system is:
272) Which reaction is endothermic in nature?
273) If 50 calorie are added to a system and system does work of 30 calorie on surroundings, the change in internal energy of system is:
274) Work done in reversible adiabatic process is given by:
275) If a refrigerator’s door is opened then, we get
276) Hess’s law is related to:
277) When a bottle of perfume is opened, odourous molecules mix with air and slowly diffuse throughout the entire room. The incorrect fact about the process is;
278) Heat of dissociation of benzene of elements is 5335 kJ/mol. The bond enthalpies of | | | | | –C-C-;C=C and –C-H | | | | | bonds are 347.3, 615 and 416.2 kJ respectively. Resonance energy of benzene is
279) Equilibrium constant of a reaction is related to:
280) 2 mole of ideal gas at 27℃ temperature is expanded reversibly from 2 litre to 20 litre. Find entropy change (R=2 cal/mol K).
281) 48 g of C (diamond) on complete combustion evolves 1584 kJ of heat. The standard heat of formation of gaseous carbon is 725 kJ/mol. The energies required for the process (i)C (graphite) → C(gas) (ii)C (diamond) → C(gas)are:
282) Work done by the system on surroundings is:
283) An example of closed system is:
284) What is ∆E for system that does 500 cal of work on surrounding and 300 cal of heat is absorbed by the system?
285) Hess’s law of constant heat summation is an application of :
286) Which fuel provides the highest calorific value?
287) 2.1 g of Fe combines with S evolving 3.77 kJ. The heat of formation of FeS in kJ/mole is
288) In an isochoric process, the increase in internal energy is
289) The heat of reaction at constant pressure is equal to :
290) Select the correct limitations of III law of thermodynamics.
291) Human body is an example of
292) A hypothetical reaction A→2B, proceeds through following sequence of steps (i) A→C;∆H=q (ii)C→D;∆H=v (iii)1/2 D→B; ∆H=x Then the heat of reaction i
293) Decrease in Gibbs energy of a reacting system indicates to:
294) Molar heat capacity of a gas at constant temperature and pressure is :
295) The process of evaporation of a liquid is accompanied by:
296) Among them intensive property is
297) The work done during the process when 1 mole of gas is allowed to expand freely into vacuum is:
298) 1 litre-atmosphere is equal to:
299) The van’t Hoff reaction isotherm is:
300) Which species have negative value of specific heat?
301) Which of the following have same units? (i) work (ii) Heat (iii) Energy (iv) Entropy
302) For an ideal gas, the relation between the enthalpy change and internal energy change at constant temperature is given by :
303) Vibrational energy is:
304) When water is added to quick lime, the reaction is :
305) Least random state of water is:
306) Absorption of gasses on solid surface is generally exothermic because
307) Energy equivalent to one erg, one joule and one calorie are in order:
308) When the change of entropy is greater, then the ability for work is:
309) Net work done by a system is given by:
310) The law of Lavoisier and Laplace is based on :
311) The incorrect expression among the following is:
312) Which statements are correct?
313) Entropy change of vaporisation at constant pressure is given by:
314) When ammonium chloride is dissolved in water, the solution becomes cold. The change is:
315) The Gibbs energy change and standard Gibbs energy change are equal if reaction quotient is equal to:
316) Bond energy of molecule:
317) In which case of mixing of a strong acid and a base each of 1N concentration, temperature increase is highest?
318) Two mole of an ideal gas is expanded isothermally and reversibly from 1 L to 10 L at 300 K. The enthalpy change (in kJ) for the process is
319) Which one of the following is not a state function?
320) Temperature and heat are:
321) The Kirchhoff’s equation gives the effect of …..on heat of reaction.
322) Which of the following is an intensive property?
323) The temperature of the system decreases in an
324) If a refrigerator door is kept open, then we get:
325) Which is correct about the heat of combustion?
326) The work done by a system in an expansion against a constant external pressure is:
327) In an isothermal process
328) For the isothermal expansion of an ideal gas
329) Which statement(s) is/are correct?
330) Which is not correct?
331) Heat of fusion of a molecular solid is :
332) Which plot represents for an exothermic reaction?
333) For a spontaneous chemical change the Gibbs energy change is:
334) An ideal gas undergoing expansion in vacuum shows:
335) Select the incorrect statement
336) Entropy decreases during:
337) Three moles of an ideal gas expanded spontaneously into vacuum. The work done will be:
338) If gas at constant temperature and pressure expands then its
339) The temperature of 5 mL of a strong acid increases by 5℃ when 5 mL of strong base is added to it. If 10 mL of each is mixed and complete neutralisation takes place then rise in temperature will be
340) When an ideal gas is compressed adiabatically and reversibly, the final temperature is:
341) In a closed insulated container, a liquid is stirred with a paddle to increase its temperature. In this process, which of the following is true
342) In a closed container, a liquid is stirred with a paddle to increase the temperature. Which of the following is true?
343) If 900 J/g of heat is exchanged at boiling point of water then increase in entropy
344) A reaction occurs spontaneously if:
345) The quantity of heat measured for a reaction in a bomb calorimeter is equal to
346) If gas, at constant temperature and pressure expands then its
347) Which has the least entropy?
348) The amount of heat measured for a reaction in a bomb calorimeter is
349) A mixture of hydrogen and chlorine on exposure to ultra violet sunlight reacts with explosion. The step involved in the initiation of the reaction is :
350) It is a general principle that if a system has the less energy then it is:
351) Statement 1: Internal energy is an extensive property Statement 2: Internal energy depends upon the amount of the system
352) Statement 1: Zeroth law can also be termed as law of thermal equilibrium Statement 2: Two objects in thermal equilibrium with the third one, are in thermal equilibrium with each other
353) The enthalpies of formation of organic substances can be conveniently determined from :
354) Statement 1: The mass and volume of a substance are the extensive properties and are proportional to each other Statement 2: The ratio of mass of a sample to its volume is an intensive property
355) Statement 1: Absolute values of internal energy of substance can’s be determined Statement 2: It is impossible to determine exact values of constituent energies of the substances
356) The law of conservation of energy states that :
357) Which is an extensive property?
358) The process in which pressure remains constant throughout
359) In an irreversible process taking place at constant T and P and in which only pressure volume work is being done, the change in Gibbs free energy (dG) and change in entropy
360) Hess’s law states that
361) Internal energy is sum of
362) Heat given to a system under isochoric process is equal to:
363) All the naturally occurring processes, i.e., spontaneous proceed spontaneously in a direction which leads to:
364) Which phenomena cannot be described as oxidation?
365) A system provided 50 joule of heat and work done on the system is 10 J. The change in internal energy during the process is:
366) The standard heat of combustion of solid boron is :
367) During an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas its:
368) The exchange of heat energy during chemical reaction at constant temperature and pressure occurs in form of:
369) For which of the process, ∆S is negative?
370) In an isobaric process, the ratio of heat supplied to the system (dθ) and work done by the system (dW) for diatomic gas is
371) An adiabatic process occurs in
372) The heat of formation of water is exothermic in nature because :
373) In an adiabatic process
374) A well stoppered thermos flask containing some ice cubes is an example of:
375) Internal energy is
376) The calorific value of fat is :
377) 16 g oxygen gas expands at STP to occupy double of its original volume. The work done during the process is:
378) Gibbs energy G, enthalpy H and entropy S are related by:
379) In a closed insulated container a liquid is stirred with a paddle to increase the temperature, which of the following is true?
380) The temperature of the system increases during an:
381) The heat evolved during neutralisation is maximum in the reaction of :
382) It is impossible to attain the lowest temperature known as zero degree absolute. This is a simple statement of:
383) The total entropy change for a system and its surroundings increases, if the process is:
384) Heat of formation of compound is defined as :
385) At absolute zero, the entropy of a perfect crystal is zero. This is … of thermodynamics.
386) Heat of solution is defined as :
387) Molar heat capacity is given by :
