1) Term ecosystem was coined by:
2) Biotic component of an ecosystem include:
3) Which is the most stable ecosystem?
4) In a biotic community, primary consumers are:
5) If we completely remove the decomposers from an ecosystem, the ecosystem functioning will be adversely affected because:
6) Food chain will end with:
7) Which of the following is one way flow rather than a two way or cyclic flow?
8) The importance of ecosystem lies in:
9) The driving force for an ecosystem is:
10) About how much of solar energy that falls on the leaves of a plant is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis?
11) Energy and nutrient enter a community by way of:
12) A consumer whose carbon atoms have already passed through three species is a:
13) Average annual precipitation in a desert biome is:
14) A sequence of speices through which the organic molecules in a community pass is called:
15) Savannahs are:
16) Most food chains are composed of:
17) A micro-climate is controlled mostly by factors associated with:
18) In which of the following habitats does the diurnal temperature of soil surface vary most?
19) A biome with high temperature, high rainfall no seasonal change and soil rich in mineral and humus is:
20) A plant eaten by herbivorous animals which in turn is eaten by a carnivorous animal, it forms a:
21) A pond is a:
22) Which of the following communities would have trees?
23) Which of the following has a vegetation structure with only one level?
24) What type of pyramids are commonly referred to in the ecological studies?
25) Which type of system does the earth along with its atmosphere constitute?
26) Enrichment of habitat (say pond) with nutrients is called:
27) Wolves and lion may be said to occupy the same trophic level because:
28) About how much of the chemical energy within the producers tissue become chemical energy within herbivore tissue:
29) The most diverse oceanic communities are in the:
30) Which of the following aquatic ecosystem has very little primary productivity?
31) Which of the following statement is true about ecological relationship?
32) Light compensation zone refers to the zone:
33) Aquatic ecosystem covers how much of the earth's surface?
34) What are biotic components?
35) The flora and fauna in lakes and ponds are:
36) The source of energy in an ecosystem is:
37) The energy storage at consumer level is called:
38) Most hard competition for food, light and space is seen in:
39) The leaves of Lotus bear stomata:
40) The typical biome of an area having 20-40 inches of rainfall is:
41) An ecosystem resists change because it is in a state of:
42) Ecosystem has two components:
43) The number of producers within a specified area would be maximum in:
44) In an ecosystem, a big fish eats small fishes which eat water fleas supported by phytoplanktons. The water fleas in this ecosystem are:
45) Which one of the following represents the largest population in an ecosystem?
46) With regard to ecological food chain, man is a:
47) The first link in a food chain is always a green plant because:
48) A food chain is represented by:
49) Organisms linked in a food chain represent:
50) Free floating organisms are termed:
51) The bottom-dwelling organisms are:
52) First trophic level is represented by:
53) In a grassland top consumers are:
54) The food chain in which micro-organisms absorb and breakdown the energy rich compounds synthesized by the producers is:
55) Lichens do not normally grow in cities:
56) Primary productivity of ecosystem refers to:
57) The individuals in the uppermost ring of pyramid represent the one with:
58) The pyramid of number of individuals per unit area in a grassland ecosystem will be:
59) Ecological niche is:
60) Which of the following food chains is correct?
61) 'Greenhouse effect' is:
62) For recycling of materials which one is necessary?
63) Energy flow in an ecosystem is:
64) The pyramid of energy in a terrestrial ecosystem may be:
65) Green plants are:
66) Solar energy can be trapped to the maximum capacity by:
67) The equilibrium of species is disturbed by:
68) A food chain starts with:
69) Biological equilibrium is an equilibrium among the:
70) When the number of organisms at successive levels are plotted, they assume the shape of a pyramid. This is called:
71) The salt concentration in open sea is about:
72) The upper vertical zone upto the depth of 200 metres is known as:
73) In a food chain, the largest number is of:
74) Ecosystem is a self-sustanining unit because it consists of:
75) A component of physical environment of an ecosystem is:
76) In a food chain animals constitute the:
77) Second order consumers are:
78) Active swimmers are:
79) Food web is constituted by:
80) Vegetation found around the Mediterranean coast is called:
81) An ecosystem is a complex interacting system of:
82) Which of the following is truly a biome?
83) The ecological niche of an organism is its:
84) Which of the following forest is more diverse?
85) The solar energy is trapped to the maximum by:
86) Agroecosystem is a:
87) Mangrove vegetation is found in:
88) In grassland ecosystem the pyramid of energy is:
89) Photic zone is spread upto a depth of:
90) Chaparral occurs in Mediterranean area and rainfall occurs during?
91) Daily tidal cycle recurs after:
92) Pyramid of number is based on:
93) Each couple should produce only two children which will help in:
94) The trophic level of lion in a forest ecosystem is:
95) About how much of the net primary productivity of a terrestrial ecosystem is eaten and digested by herbivores?
96) About how much of net primary productivity of an aquatic ecosystem is eaten and digested by herbivores?
97) Life without air is:
98) Trophical dense forest is due to:
99) Pyramid of energy is always:
100) A kite eats mouse, mice live on grains. Hence the kite is a:
101) The composition of soil air if affected by:
102) Plants growing in alpine zone are short due to:
103) Plants growing near the sea shore are generally resistant to:
104) An anatomical feature is which exclusively develops to counter high velocity of wind:
105) The classification of plant groups on the basis of temperature differentiating four zone such as megatherms was proposed by:
106) Flowering is induced if germinating seeds are exposed to:
107) The percentage of light from total solar input utilized by plants:
108) Albedo value refers to:
109) According to Geiger, the percentage of light reflected by the clouds is:
110) The albedo value of a forest is around:
111) The aquatic thermal strata where no temperature gradients are observed is called as:
112) The alpine forests are classed under the plant group called:
113) The optimum temperature for seedling growth in the upper Gangetic plains is around:
114) When a plant of hot climate is transferred to colder regions, it gets an injury called:
115) In western Himalayas, the Betula trees usually occur in:
116) Annual carbon fixation by photosynthesis is:
117) Annual world precipitation is:
118) Maximum oxygen comes from:
119) The main nitrogen reservoir in the biosphere is:
120) The largest reservoir of sulphur in the biospere is the:
121) The largest reservoir of phosphorus in the biosphere is the:
122) Which one of the following pairs is a sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycle?
123) Dense evergreen vegetation of broad sclerophyllous leaves and shrubs with fire resistant resinous plants is known as:
124) Correct sequence in ascending order:
125) Which of the following factor is responsible for animals to be successful:
126) Perfect example of interdependence of plants and animals upon each other is:
127) In any ecosystem or biological system there is transfer of energy at different trophic levels. The study of energy transfer at different trophic level is known as:
128) Keystone species in ecosystem are those:
129) Which of the following ecosystem has highest rate of gross primary production:
130) The tendency of an organism to maintain internal equilibrium in response to any change in its environment is called or a tendency of biological systems to resist change so as to remain in a state of equilibrium is called:
131) 10% energy transfer law in food chain was first given by:
132) In India Tropical rain forests occur in:
133) Pedology is the study of:
134) When an organism is benefited without affecting the other is called:
135) From first or lower trophic level to upper trophic level energy is degraded from high grade form to low grade form, it can be made clear from:
136) In an ecosystem bacteria are considered as:
137) A lake ecosystem is:
138) The ecological pyramids are of:
139) In which ecosystem species diversity is low:
140) The succession as a result of changes in communities on earth's surface is called as:
141) The climatic and edaphic factors working on a community is collectively known as:
142) Individuals (organisms) of the same species inhabiting in a particualr locality constitute:
143) During adverse season therophytes survive by:
144) Plants that lack perennating buds and are annuals are placed in the life form:
145) The concept of life form classes and biological spectrum was proposed by:
146) The population of a place or an area tends to increase when:
147) Eichhornia crassipes is a:
148) Which one of the following is a correct food chain:
149) Niche of a speices in an ecosystem refers to its:
150) In a food chain of the largest population is that of:
151) If forest cover is reduced to half, what is most likely to happen on a long term basis:
152) The nature of climax community will depend upon:
153) Extremities, tail and ear are relatively shorter in animals living in cold regions as compared to those inhabiting warmer zones. This is:
154) Food levels in an ecosystem are called:
155) First link in any food chain is green plant:
156) Actively moving or swimming animals in aquatic systems are:
157) Proper food chain is:
158) The species losses in tropical countries is mainly due to:
159) Which of the following can be considered an ecosystem?
160) A large number of organic compounds can be decomposed by:
161) Which is the main causative factor of desertification:
162) The abundance of a species population within its habitat is called:
163) Pyramid of numbers illustrates:
164) In an ecosystem, there is a flow of energy from the producers to the consumers at different levels. This is known as the:
165) Eutrophication in water results in:
166) In a forest ecosystem, the fungi come under the category of:
167) Identify the incorrect statement among the following statements on the effect of deforestation:
168) The dominant second trophic level in a lake ecosystem is:
169) Which of the following is the most characteristic feature of a xeric environment:
170) Deciduous forests are characterised by:
171) We refer to the following as the food chain:
172) In an ecosystem there is flow of energy at different trophic levels. This is as follows:
173) In a tiger reserve the tiger is placed in the:
174) The term ecosystem was coined by:
175) A rat feeding on potato tuber is:
176) Lentic ecosystem occurs in which kind of water?
177) Biome had organisms of various trophic level?
178) Secondary proudcers are:
179) Drought resistance of succulents is connected with:
180) Ecosystem of a pond is:
181) Mangrove of marshy Sundarbans is characterised by:
182) Correct sequence in a food chain is:
183) Peacock eats a snake and snake eats frog and frog eats insect while insect eats green plant, then position of peacock is:
184) Organisms living at the bottom of a lake are:
185) No animal can live:
186) Hibernation occuring in certain animals is:
187) In an ecosystem, trophic level of man is:
188) Tip of an ecological pyramid is occupied by:
189) Zooplanktonic forms are:
190) Which of the following occurs in abiotic component of ecosystem?
191) A treeless biome is:
192) A man-made microecosystem is:
193) Which one has always a steeper vertical gradient?
194) Which one is exclusive xerophytic adaptation?
195) Which one has evergreen vegetation and drought adapted animals?
196) Which part of the world has high density of organisms?
197) Viviparity and pneumatophores are features of:
198) Trophic levels are formed by:
199) An ecosystem has which of the following two components?
200) The atmospheric humidity is measured by:
201) The concept of ecological pyramids was developed by:
202) From feeding on herbivorous insect is:
203) Maximum biomass of autotrophs in oceans is made of:
204) Terai forest is:
205) Savannah is found commonly in:
206) A recently discovered ecosystem is:
207) Controlling factor in ecosystem is:
208) Transition zone between two vegetational types is:
209) Plant decomposers are:
210) The ecosystem consists of:
211) Desert can be converted into green land by planting:
212) In food chain, lion is a:
213) Which ecosystem shows maximum genetic diversity?
214) Which of the following is correctly matched?
215) Organisms found at the bottom of sea are:
216) X is eating curd/yoghurt. For this food intake in a food chain he should be considered as occupying:
217) These belong to the category of primary consumers:
218) If the high altitude birds become rare or extinct, the plants which may disappear along with them are:
219) An ecosystem which can be easily damaged but can recover after some time if damaging effect stops will be having:
220) If by radiation all nitrogenase enzymes are inactivated, then there will be no:
221) The Great Barrier Reef along the east coast of Australia can be catergorized as:
222) Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?
223) Which one of the following is correct matching of plant, its habit, and the forest type where it normally occurs?
224) Energy transferred from one trophic level to another is:
225) Maximum absorption of rainfall water is done by:
226) The pyramid of energy is always upright for any ecosystem. This situation indicates the fact that:
227) Which of the following is called as a detritivore?
228) Which one of the following is not used for construction of ecological pyramids?
229) Increased asthmatic attacks in certain seasons are related to:
230) Which one of the following ecosystem types has the highest annual net primary productivity?
231) Consider the following statements concerning food chains:
232) Large Woody Vines are more commonly found in:
233) Which one of the following statements for pyramid of energy is incorrect, whereas the remainig three are correct?
234) Mass of living matter at a trophic level in an area at any time is called:
235) Of the total incident solar radiation the proportion of PAR is:
236) In an aquatic ecosystem, which of the following are dominant in shallow water?
237) Which of the following processes is involved in decomposition of detritus?
238) What is the mean net primary productivity of tropical rain forest ecosystem?
239) One of the following fall in the category of lowest productivity category?
240) What is the key function of ecosystem?
241) Photosynthetic efficiency is represented by:
242) Which of the following is/are involved in the ammonification during nitrogen cycle?
243) Mean annual rainfall (mm) in the tropical rain forest is:
244) The primary productivity in grassland is directly related to:
245) Which of the following is/are common trees and shrubs in savannah:
246) Select the correct statement:
247) Which of the following is an abiotic component of an ecosystem?
248) Which of the following processes helps in nutrient conservation?
249) Which of the following represents the sedimentary type of nutrient cycle?
250) Which of the following is free living nitrogen fixing bacteria present in soil?
251) What fraction of assimilated energy is used in respiration by the herbivore?
252) Select the correct statement:
253) Which of the following organisms and trophic levels is mismatched?
254) Chemosynthetic bacteria found around deep-sea vents are examples of
255) In an ecosystem,
256) Primary productivity
257) The open ocean and tropical rain forest are the two largest contributors to Earth's net primary productivity because
258) Productivity in terrestrial ecosystems is affected by
259) Secondary productivity
260) Which of the following is not true of a pyramid of productivity?
261) Biogeochemical cycles are global for elements
262) Which of these processes is incorrectly paired with its description?
263) Carbon cycles relatively rapidly except when it is
264) What do primary producers have available to convert into biomass?
265) Which of the following trophic levels would have the largest numbers of individuals?
266) Which of the following elements is not a major component of living systems?
267) Most of Earth's nitrogen is in
268) The gas that is removed from the atmosphere by plants and algae is
269) Most of the world's carbon is found
270) Photosynthesis and respiration are central to which cycle?
271) In the past 150 years there has been a major new input to the carbon cycle. What is it?
272) Nitrogen is often in short supply in terrestrial ecosystems. Why?
273) The phosphorus cycle differs from the carbon cycle in that
274) Which of the following statements regarding the movement of energy and nutrients through ecosystem is true?
275) Which of the following changes would not result in an increase in net primary production?
276) On average, how much of the energy assimilated at one trophic level is converted to production the next trophic level (excluding the conversion of sun-light into chemical energy by plants)
277) Which of the following always has a "pyramidal" shape, that is decreasing values at higher trophic levels?
278) Which of the following statements regarding the hydrological cycle is false?
279) In biogeochemical cycles, elements that cycle fastest
280) Which of the following biogeochemical cycles is characterized by a major reservoir that is gaseous, and a major inorganic form that can only be utilized by a small group of bacteria and cyanobacteria?
281) Which of the following biogeochemical cycles is characterized by a form which is a major greenhouse gas?
282) Which of the following biogeochemical cycles lacks a gaseous phase?
283) Which of the following biogeochemical cycles has a gaseous phase released by volcanoes and fumaroles?
284) Which of the following biogeochemical cycles has a major reservoir in sedimentary rock?
285) In the human-induced condition called eutrophication, the main biogeochemical cycle that is altered is the ______ cycle, and the effect is to create ______ conditions and decrease species diversity.
286) Slow rate of decomposition of fallen logs in nature is due to
287) In the human-induced condition called acid precipitation, the main biogeochemical cycles that are altered are the ______ cycles, and one effect in lakes is the _______ of populations of nitrifying bacteria.
288) Which of the following is not a part of either gross or net primary production in plants?
289) Which of the following statements about food chains and energy flow through ecosystems is false?
290) Assuming that the energy transfer efficiency between trophic levels is 10%, how much grain would be required to produce 70 kg of human biomass if the grain is eaten by cows and the cows are eaten by humans?
291) Grasslands can support greater grazing rates by herbivores than forests because
292) An inverted pyramid of ______ may occasionally be observed in _______ communities.
293) Which of the following is not an objective of integrated pest management?
294) Which of the following could not be considered an ecosystem?
295) In which of the following compartments of the global ecosystem would circulation of materials be affected by Earth's revolution around the sun?
296) Which of the following statements about biogeochemical cycles is not true?
297) Which of the following is true about the amount of sunlight and heat arriving on Earth?
298) The total amount of energy that plants assimilate by photosynthesis is called
299) The amount of energy reaching an upper trophic level is determined by
300) Select the correct combination of statements (I - IV) regarding the characteristics of productivity. I. The rate of biomass production is called productivity and is expressed in terms of a kcal m^(-2). II. Gross primary productivity is rate of production of biomass during photosynthesis. III. Gross primary productivity minus respiration loss is called net primary productivity. IV. Primary productivity depends only on the plant species inhabiting a particular area. The correct statements are
301) Fill in the blanks, in the following simplified model of a nutrient cycle.
302) The given figure best represents
303) The pyramid of energy is always upright for any ecosystem. This situation indicates the fact that
304) Valuable, practical services that help to preserve ecosystems performed by nature are called _____.
305) Identify the incorrect statement from the following
306) The correct definition of ecosystem is
307) When a peacock eats snakes which eats insects thriving on green plants, the peacock is
308) In an ecosystem, the population of
309) Which is correct sequence in the food chain?
310) When a big fish eats a small fish which eats water fleas supported by phytoplankton, the water fleas are
311) Graphical representation of biomass relationship between the producer and the consumers is called
312) A food chain consists of
313) In a forest ecosystem, green plants are
314) In a food chain, herbivores are
315) Percentage of nitrogen in air is about
316) The transfer of energy in food chain is
317) A vegetarian food habits of man help in getting
318) The gaseous portion of outer earth surface is
319) Which of the food chain will be advantageous in terms of energy?
320) Ecological niche refers to
321) Which of the following biome has largest number of species?
322) Chapparal occurs in area
323) Name the sedimentary cycle that has a small gaseous components
324) The secondary productivity means
325) Which one of the following has the largest population in a food chain?
326) Second most important trophic level is a lake is
327) Secondary producers are
328) What is the percentage of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), if incident solar radiation is considered 100%.
329) Identify the incorrect statement from the following.
330) Which of the following process will be most adversely affected if microorganisms are removed from a forest ecosystem?
331) Food chains differ from food webs in that - A. food chains are a single sequence of who eats whom in a community. B. food chains better represent the entire community. C. food webs represent the complex interaction among food chain. D. food chain is the flow of energy in a population.
332) Which of the following factors influence communities - A. Climate B. Species interaction C. Feeding relationships among organisms D. Succession
333) Which of following is/are trend (s) in ecological succession - A. an increase in complexity of species B. an increase in productivity C. an increase in community stability and species diversity D. a decrease in non-living organic materials.
334) Primary productivity depends upon - A. The plant species inhabiting a particular area. B. Availability of nutrients. C. Photosynthetic capacity of plants.
335) Which of the following ecological pyramids may be upright or inverted? A. pyramid of energy B. pyramid of number C. pyramid of biomass D. none.
336) Grasslands can support greater grazing rates by herbivores than forests because
337) The total amount of energy that plants assimilate by photosynthesis is called
338) Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about biogeochemical cycle - A. Carbon and nitrogen cycle faster than phosphorus cycle. B. All biogeochemical cycles include both organisms and non-living components. C. Most elements remain longest in the living portion of their cycle. D. The chemical elements used by organisms in large quantities cycle back and forth between organisms and environment.
339) The cycle most important for modifying temperature fluctuation is
340) Which is/are true regarding ecosystem? A. Self sufficient unit. B. Cyclic exchange of materials between living beings and environment. C. Only requirement is input of energy. D. Characterized by a major vegetation type.
341) Which of the following are artificial aquatic ecosystems? A. large dams and reservoirs B. lakes and canals C. fishery tanks and aquaria D. river
342) The phosphates remain outside the natural cycle for a long time
343) The term used to describe all the species and physical factor at a site is the
344) The amount of energy that is left to build bodies is termed
345) A. P-cycling depends only on biological processes. B. In general, food chains are more stable then food webs. C. The food chain that depends on decomposing plant or animal matter is the detritus. D. Humans can feed at several trophic levels and are classified as omnivores.
346) Combustion of fossil fuels most directly affects the
347) Which of the following include(s) ecosystem services - A. Purification of air and water by forests. B. Forests mitigate droughts and flood. C. Forests act as store house of carbon. D. Forests influence hydrological cycle.
348) Select the correct statement(s) - A. The factors affecting decomposition are chemical nature of detritus and the climatic factors. B. It detritus is rich in lignin and chitin decomposition is very fast. C. Decomposition is very slow if the detritus is rich in nitrogen. D. Detritus is the raw material for decomposition.
349) A. The amount of living matter (biomass) present at every trophic level is called standing crop. B. Saprophytes are not given any in ecological pyramids. C. Ecological pyramid does not account the same species belonging to two or more trophic levels. D. Humus is reservoir of nutrients.
350) Which of the following is/are incorrect - A. All ecosystems are constant in size. B. In nature food chains exist, not food web. C. Flow of energy in ecosystem is linear. D. Gene flow occurs between 2 different population (of 2 species)
351) Ecological efficiency at each trophic level of a particular ecosystem is 20%. If green plants of the ecosystem capture 100 units of energy, about how many units of energy will be available to support herbivores
352) Ecological succession is
353) Succession is a
354) A dynamic equilibrium is established between community and environment when
355) Which is correct?
356) Herbivores are
357) Food chain consists of
358) Autotrophs are
359) In which of the following areas does the primary succession occur?
360) Which of the following statements about the food chain is false?
361) Go through the following statements. A. Primary productivity of all ecosystem is a constant. B. The annual net primary productivity of the whole of the biosphere is 17 million tons (dry weight) of organic matter. C. Net primary productivity is the amount of biomass available for consumption by carnivores. D. Secondary productivity is defined as the rate of formation of new organic matter by decomposers. E. Primary productivity depends on the plant species inhabiting a particular area. Which of the above the statements about productivity is true ?
362) Arrange the following ecosystems in increasing order of mean NPP (Tonnes/ha/year) A. Tropical deciduous forest B. Temperate coniferous forest C. Tropical rain forest D. Temperate deciduous forest
363) The energy invested in the production of new tissue by autotrophic organisms is termed
364) Which of the following is true of net primary production?
365) Which of the following statements is incorrect?
366) Which of the following is NOT a reason why productivity declines from one trophic level to the next?
367) Which of the following is NOT true of a food web?
368) Which of the following is NOT a hypothesis for why food-chain length is limited?
369) Which of the following is NOT a basic aspect of biogeochemical cycling?
370) Several of the major human impacts are farming, logging, burning and soil erosion. They all result in accelerated nutrient loss by what common mechanism?
371) In a comparative study of grassland ecosystem and pond ecosystem it may be observed that
372) Why are changes in the global carbon cycle important?
373) Go through the statements. A. In terrestrial ecosystem, maximum energy is present in T1. B. In grassland ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is upright. C. In pyramid of food, the producers occupy the base. D. Energy flow in an ecosystem is bidirectional. E. If all green plants of earth are destroyed, all animals shall die ultimately. F. The typical biome of an area having 50 to 100 cm of rainfall is grassland. How many of the above statement(s) is wrong?
374) The annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere is approximately.
375) The important step in the process of decomposition in order is
376) In trophic level of our ecosystem we belong to
377) Which of the following is false? I. Quantity of biomass in a trophic level at a particular period is called standing crop. II. The energy content in a trophic level is determined by considering a few individuals of a species in that trophical level. III. The succession that occurs in nearly cooled lava is called primary succession. IV. Rate of succession is faster in the secondary succession. V. Phytoplanktons are the pioneers in aquatic succession.
378) The component of the ecosystem are seen to function as a unit when you consider which of the following aspects - A. Productivity B. Decomposition C. Energy flow D. Nutrient cycle
379) Which of the following is correct?
380) Which of the following is wrong?
381) Which of the following statements is correct? A. An important characteristic of all communities is that composition and structure constantly change in response to the changing environmental condition. B. These changes lead finally to a community that is in equilibrium with it self and not the environment and that is called climax community. C. The entire sequence of communities that successively change in a given area are called sere(s).
382) The two major differences between carbon and phosphorus cycle are - A. Atmospheric inputs of phosphorus through rainfall are much smaller than carbon inputs. B. Atmospheric inputs of phosphorus through rainfall are much greater than carbon inputs. C. Gaseous exchange of phosphorus between organic and environment is not negligible. D. Gaseous exchange of phosphorus between organic and environment are negligible.
383) With which of four levels of biological organization of Ecology is basically concerned? A. Organisms B. Species C. Family D. Population E. Community F. Biomass
384) Which of the following is in order of importance of the most influencing factor in life of organisms?
385) Which of the following statements are correct? A. Detritivores break down detritus into smaller particles. This process is called fragmentation. B. By the process of leaching, water soluble inorganic nutrients go down into the soil horizon and get participated as unavailable salts. C. Bacterial and fungal enzymes degrade detritus into simpler inorganic substances. This process is called catabolism.
386) Which of the following statements regarding decomposition is false? I. Warm and moist favours decompositions. II. Decomposition rate is slower if detritus is rich in chitin and lignin. III. Earthworm is detritus. IV. Precipitation of soluble inorganic nutrients in the soil horizon as unavailable salt is called mineralization. V. Detritus is the raw material for decomposition.
387) Dead plant remains such as leaves, bark, flowers and dead remains of animals, including fecal matter constitutes
388) Which of the following represents an incomplete ecosystem?
389) Which of the given below pyramids represents the variation in biomass at different trophic levels in pond ecosystem?
390) Choose the odd one out w.r.t. succession
391) Organisms which are associated with first as well as third trophic level are
392) During nutrient immobilization, nutrients get incorporated in the body of living organisms like
393) Net primary productivity
394) The amount of biomass or organic matter produced per unit area over a time period by plants during photosynthesis is called primary production, which is expressed as
395) Researchers have put an average price tag of US $ 33 trillion a year on the fundamental ecosystems services, which are largely taken for granted because they are free. This is nearly how many times the value of the global gross national product.
396) The overall productivity in terrestrial ecosystems is limited by
397) Productivity at the second trophic level is always
398) Which one of the following animals may occupy more than one trophic levels in the same ecosystem at the same time?
399) The path that an element takes as it moves from abiotic systems through living organisms and back again is referred to as its
400) Which of the following is not one of the three aspects studied in biogeochemical cycling?
401) Which of the following most often limits the rate at which nutrients move through an ecosystem?
402) Perturbation of which of the following cycles contributes most to global warming?
403) Why are economists trying to quantify the dollar value of ecosystem services?
404) In most food chains,
405) Assume that the green plants in an ecosystem produce 1000 grams of dry mass per square meter par year and there is an efficiency of 10 percent in each transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next. How many total grams of dry mass will produce by the tertiary consumers per square meter per year?
406) The problem(s) with the notion that if all humans became vegetarians, then the earth could support more people is that
407) Of the five elements that are the most important constituents of living things, the only one that requires the action of microorganisms to enter the living system is
408) Relationships in an ecosystem can be depicted through
409) In upright pyramid of biomass, herbivores occupy the position
410) Which one is inverted pyramid?
411) Pyramid of numbers in grassland ecosystem is
412) An ecological pyramid of biomass is the representation of the ecosystem's
413) Both, hydrarch and xerarch successions lead to
414) Mr. X is eating yoghurt. For this he is occupying the trophic level.
415) The breakdown of detritus into smaller particles by earthworm is a process called
416) Which of the following would probably have the greatest total biomass?
417) Which one of the species is probably carnivorous?
418) Which species is (a) decomposer?
419) If a pyramid of number, representing an ecosystem of a large fresh water pond, the number of primary consumers is
420) The free floating organisms of an open sea and the shore are collectively called
421) Which creatures are direct or indirect food of all creatures on the ocean's surface?
422) In plant succession when climax is reached the net productivity
423) In autogenic succession
424) Find out the correct older of succession levels in xerarch.
425) Which one of the following ecosystem types has the highest annual net primary productivity?
426) In a pyramid of number, in a grassland ecosystem, the largest population is that of
427) Some of the stages in the hydrarch are labelled as - A. Marsh meadow stage B. Reed swamp stage C. Submerged plant stage D. Phytoplankton stage E. Submerged free floating plant stage Identify the choice that represents the correct sequence of these stages.
428) Which one of the following regarding ecological pyramid is not correct?
429) Consider the following statements concerning food chains. A. Removal of 80% tigers from an area resulted in greatly increased growth of vegetation. B. Removal of most of the carnivores resulted in an increased population of deers. C. The length of food chains is generally limited to 3-4 torphic levels due to energy loss. D. The length of food chains may vary from 2 to 8 trophic levels. Which two of the above statements are correct?
430) The bacteria which attack dead animals are
431) Which one of the following is considered as pioneer community in xerarch?
432) A detrivorous animal of economic importance is
433) The dominant second trophic level, in a lake ecosystem is
434) The correct sequence of plants in a hydrosere is
435) Which one of the following types of organisms occupy more than one trophic level in a pond ecosystem?
436) Which of the following statements is false? I. Pyramids of energy and yearly biomass production can never be inverted, since this would violate the laws of thermodynamics. II. Pyramids of standing crop and numbers can be inverted, since the amount of organisms at any one time does not indicate the amount of energy flowing through the system. III. There are certain limitations of ecological pyramids such as it does not take into account the same species belonging to two or more trophic levels. IV. Saprophytes are not given any place in ecological pyramids even though they play a vital role in the ecosystem.
437) Read the following statements carefully. I. Primary succession is a very slow process taking thousands of years for the climax to be reached. II. Energy at a higher trophic level is always more than at a lower level. III. Bacterial and fungal enzymes degrade detritus into simpler inorganic substances. This process is called fragmentation. IV. All succession whether taking place in water or on land, proceeds to a similar climax community - the mesic. Which of the two above statements are correct?
438) In the process of ecological succession, organisms that are present at one stage change
439) Amount of carbon in the environment
440) The four main processes of the water cycle are
441) In recycling of mineral elements within an ecosystem, the responsible direct causal organism are called
442) Animals with a constant body temperature such as mammals and birds require more food than do animals with a changing body temperature such as reptiles and fish. Why?
443) The most energy-efficient method to feed large human populations such as China is to eat
444) A. GFC is major conduit of energy flow in aquatic ecosystem. B. Food chain maintains stability in an ecosystem by providing alternate organisms at different trophic level. C. DFC may be connected to GFC.
445) A term biotype means
446) The pyramid of number of a parasitic food chain in forest ecosystem is
447) Which one of the following statements is correct for secondary succession?
448) In terms of percentage of total forest cover, the most abundant type of the forest in India is
449) The rate of formation of new organic matter by rabbit in a grassland, is called
450) The second stage of hydrosere is occupied by plants like
451) The important steps, in the process of decomposition are
452) In an ecosystem, at a particular time standing crop
453) In a pyramid of biomass, if the total dry weight (kg/ml) of primary producers is about 809 it will decrease at teritary consumer level up-to
454) Which one of the following is not a functional unit of an ecosystem
455) The upright pyramid of number is absent in
456) Which one of the following processes during decomposition is correctly described?
457) A sedentary sea anemone gets attached to the shell lining of hermit crab. The association is
458) Natural reservoir of phosphorus is
459) Secondary productivity is rate of formation of new organic matter by
460) The total mass of nutrient matter that makes up the Earth is _______.
461) The net primary productivity of an ecosystem can be viewed as the
462) Which of the following is incorrect?
463) The removal of 'Keystone' species will affect
464) Anthropogenic ecosystems
465) Select the correct statements.
466) The rate of biomass production and the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis are called respectively
467) Pick out the correct option from (A) to (D). A. Primary succession begins in areas where natural communities have been destroyed. B. Hydrarch succession takes place in water. C. The climax community is the community that is in near equilibrium with the immediate environment. D. In newly cooled lava secondary succession occurs.
468) Which one of the following group of organisms can represent every trophic level in a ecosystem?
469) Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in a biotic community is known as
470) Secondary succession takes place on/in
471) In an ecosystem the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis is termed as
472) Most animals are tree dwellers in a
473) Most animals that live in deep oceanic waters are
474) In which of the following both pairs have correct combination?
475) During ecological succession
476) Which of the following is a characteristic feature of cropland ecosystem?
477) Which of the following would appear as the pioneer organisms on bare rocks?
478) The term ecosystem was coined by
479) The primary producers of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem are
480) Ecotone is
481) 'Edge effect' is observed in case of
482) Community dynamics is related to
483) Which ecosystem has the highest gross primary productivity
484) In primary succession in water, the pioneer species are
485) The pyramid of biomass will be inverted in the ecosystem of
486) Large unit of land having different types of plants and animals, is called
487) Which of the following is known as the sedimentary cycle because its reservoir is a sedimentary rock?
488) In ecological succession the communities in near equilibrium with the environment, are called
489) Dried plant parts such as leaves, bark, flowers, etc., and dead remains of animals including faecal matter, drop over the soil, constitute I. below ground detritus II. above ground detritus III. litter fall Choose the correct option
490) In the following, there is no difference
491) Consider the following statements about carbon cycle I. Carbon is released into the atmosphere II. The atmospheric input of carbon from rainfall is greater III. Carbon gas is exchanged between organisms and atmosphere during respiration Which of the statement given above are correct?
492) Ecological pyramids were discovered by
493) Plant successions occurring in a sandy area is
494) An ecosystem is
495) What do ecologists call the transfer of energy that begins with the sun and passes from one organism to the next in a food chain?
496) Microbes that breakdown the complex organic matter into simple substances like carbon, nitrogen, water, etc., are
497) Which one of the following is no used for construction of ecological pyramids?
498) Which element is formed by the weathering of rocks and absorbed by plant from the soil?
499) Series of changes in structure and comparition of communities on previously barren area is
500) Energy transferred from on trophic level to another is
501) When the two ecosystems overlap each other, the areas is called
502) The total amount of nutrients like carbon, phosphorus, calcium, etc., present in soil at any time is called
503) A food web is more realistic than a food chain for showing the feeding relationships in an ecosystem because
504) Which of the following ecological pyramid are always inverted?
505) An individual transitional communities in ecological succession are termed as
506) The living organisms present in an ecosystem forms
507) The rate of biomass production per unit area over a time period by plants during photosynthesis is called
508) The decomposition rate is higher when detritus is rich in
509) A man-made ecosystem is
510) The green plants in an ecosystem which can trap solar energy to convert it into chemical bond energy are called
511) Vegetable eating person acts as
512) Consider the following statements about food chain I. The transfer of energy from producers to top consumers through a series of organisms is called food chain II. A food chain is always straight and proceeds in a progressive straight line III. In a food chain, there is unidirectional flow of energy from sun to producers and subsequently to series of different types of consumers Which of the statements given above are correct?
513) Consider the following ecosystem I. Pond ecosystem II. Terrestrial ecosystem III. Oceans ecosystem IV. Forest ecosystem There are mainly three food chain in natural ecosystem’s grazing food chain, detritus food chain, parasite food chain Find out which of the following will have grazing food chain?
514) A much large fraction of energy flows in aquatic ecosystem through
515) Consider the following statements concerning food chains. I. Removal of 80% tigers from an area resulted in greatly increased growth of vegetation. II. Removal of most of the carnivores resulted in an increased population of deers. III. The length of food chains is generally limited to 3 to 4 trophic levels due to energy loss. IV. The length of food chains may vary from 2 to 8 trophic levels. Which two of the above statements are correct?
516) Consider the following statements about food web I. One organism hold more than one position II. The flow of energy is very difficult to calculate III. Instead of straight line it is a series of branching lines IV. Competition is amongst the members of same and different trophic levels Which of the statements given above are correct?
517) The statement, ‘Tiger is in the apex of food chain’, indicates
518) Primary productivity is affected by I. temperature II. sunlight III. moisture IV. availability of nutrients
519) Inverted pyramid is found in
520) If a predator is overexploits its prey in a ecosystem then what might be consequences of this?
521) Which of the following organisms form the decomposers?
522) Osmotrophs belong to
523) Greater primary productivity depends upon
524) Word detritus includes
525) Decomposition of organic matter is brought about by
526) Some of the stages in the hydrarch are labelled as I. Marsh meadow stage II. Reed swamp stage III. Submerged plant stage IV. Phytoplankton stage V. Submerged free floating plant stage Identify the choice that represents the correct sequence of these stages
527) The correct sequence of food chain is
528) When the number of organisms at successive levels are plotted they assume the shape of a pyramid. This is called the pyramid of
529) In ecotone, some species become abundant called
530) Ecosystem may be defined as
531) Phosphorus is required for making I. shell II. bones III. teeth Choose the correct option
532) The species that invade a bare area in ecological succession are called
533) In a pond ecosystem, benthos means
534) Decomposers are
535) The lentic ecosystem includes
536) Primary succession on rocks starts with
537) True/False I. The total organic matter synthesised by the producers in the process of photosynthesis per unit time and area is known as gross primary productivity II. Net primary productivity is the weight of the organic matter stored by the producers in a unit area/volume per unit time
538) Lion is kept under in Eltonian pyramid as
539) Maximum primary productivity of pond is achieved by
540) What is the medium by which carbon cycle takes place?
541) …… temperature is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. The most appropriate word
542) In ecological pyramid the base always represent the …A… and the apex represents …B… Here A and B represents
543) The primary consumers in a pond ecosystem are
544) Which of the following factor is contributing to an overload of the carbon cycle?
545) Which ones are the reservoirs of sulphur and carbon cycles respectively?
546) Trophic level of food chain having greatest amount of energy, is
547) The entire sequence of communities that successively changes in a given area are called
548) Energy flow in ecosystem is
549) A bear that eats a fish that further ate bugs that ate algae is a
550) Acid secreted lichens on baren rock helps in I. dissolving rocks II. weathering III. soil formation Which of the statements given above are correct?
551) In an ecosystem, the cycling of nutrient is known as
552) The aquatic organism that can actively swim at will against the water current is
553) Green plants and green sulphur bacteria, prepare their organic food themselves with the help of sunlight, are known as
554) The movement of nutrient elements through various components (abiotic and biotic) of an ecosystem is called
555) Biotic community along with its interacting physical environment comprises
556) The relation between producers and consumers in an ecosystem can be graphically represented in the form of a pyramid called
557) Energy stored at the consumer level is
558) Actively moving organisms in aquatic ecosystem are
559) The secondary succession is easy and is completed quickly, because the area
560) Gross primary productivity is utilised by …A… in …B… Choose the correct option for A and B
561) What will happen if all the bacteria and fungi are destroyed?
562) Abiotic components refers to
563) Which of the following ecological pyramids can never occur in an inverted from
564) Identify the correct type of food chain. Dead animal → Blow fly maggots → Common frog → Snake
565) Ecosystem is
566) Which of the following pair is a sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycle?
567) Tropical dense forests are due to
568) In a lake, phytoplankton grow I abundance in
569) At each step of food chain when food energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next higher trophic level only about 10% of energy is passed onto next level. This is known as …A… given by …B… in …C… . Here A, B and C Refers to
570) The process of accumulation of a dark coloured amorphous substance that is highly resistant to microbial action and undergoes decomposition at an extremely slow rate is called
571) Total energy fixed by an ecosystem is called
572) A detrivore is
573) All the animals that depend on plants for food are called
574) Out of the following biogeochemical cycles which one is gaseous? I. sulphur II. Phosphorus III. nitrogen IV. Carbon Choose the correct option
575) In a food chain, the maximum population of
576) Overlapping region between two ecosystems is called
577) The major functions of an ecosystem includes I. productivity II. Decomposition III. energy flow IV. Nutrient flow Choose the correct option
578) In grazing food chain energy comes from
579) Which one of the following is correct for xerarch succession?
580) Biotic components refer to
581) Which one of the following is correct matching of a plant, its habitat and the forest type where it normally occurs?
582) What is common in earthworm, soil mites and dung beetle in an ecosystem?
583) Which one of the following is involved in sedimentary cycle?
584) Which of the following pyramid is always upright and can never be inverted?
585) The 10% law is related to
586) Which of the following two organisms are producers?
587) Consider the succession of plants I. In hydrarch succession series progress from hydric to the mesic condition II. In xerarch succession series progress from xerarch to the mesic condition III. In xerarch succession if it is started on bare rock the pioneer species is lichens IV. In hydrarch and xerarch succession series progress from mesarch to xerarch condition Which of the following is correct combination match from above statements? Choose the correct option
588) An inverted pyramid of …A… may occasionally be observed in …B… communities
589) Which one of the following is not a functional unit of an ecosystem?
590) Which one of the following types of organisms occupy more than one trophich level in a pond ecosystem?
591) Humus is
592) In terrestrial ecosystem such as forest, maximum energy is found in which tropic level?
593) Frog, that feeds on insects, is a
594) The organisms, which attack dead animals are
595) Pyramid of energy in aquatic ecosystem is
596) Consider the following statements about ecological pyramids I. Charles Elton developed the concept of ecological pyramid II. After the name these pyramids are also called as Eltonian pyramids III. It is a graphical representation or pyramid shaped diagram which depicts the number of organisms, biomass and energy at each trophic level Which of the statements given above are correct?
597) Which of the following pyramid of numbers in ecology is not upright?
598) A lion that eats a zebra that ate grass is a
599) Pyramids of biomass in pond ecosystem is
600) The process of which humus is degraded by some microbes to release inorganic nutrients is known as
601) The process of mineralisation by microorganisms helps in the release of
602) Which of the following plants develop characters of xerophytes?
603) Which one of the following statements is correct for secondary succession?
604) Phytoplanktons are found in which of the following zones?
605) The role of a cow in a food chain is
606) Consider the following statements about limitations of ecological pyramids I. It never takes into account the same species belonging to two or more trophic levels II. It assumes a simple food chain, which never exists in nature III. In split of the vital role played by saprophytes/decomposers, they are not given any position in ecological pyramids Which of the statements given above are correct?
607) Which of the following always has a pyramidal shape, that is, decreasing values at higher trophic levels?
608) Identify the plant belonging to the reed-swamp stage in hydrarch succession
609) Secondary productivity is
610) Extinction of a species in a food chain is compensated by
611) The changes that occur in successive seral stages to reach a climax community are I. changes in the diversity of species of organisms II. increase in the number of species and organisms III. increase in the total biomass Choose the correct option
612) Which one of the following is a gaseous cycle?
613) Which of the following statements are correct? I. Least productive ecosystems are deserts and deep lakes II. Sugarcane is the most productive crop III. Most productive ecosystem is coral reef Choose the correct option
614) Pyramid of energy in ecosystem is
615) A plant is
616) Ecosystem having the highest primary productivity is
617) The Great Barrier Reef along the east coast of Australia can be categorized as
618) A much smaller fraction of energy flows in a terrestrial ecosystem through
619) …A… is required for higher primary productivity. …B… have the lowest primary productivity as the soil is deficient in moisture. Choose the correct option for A and B
620) Driving force of any ecosystem is
621) Climax community is
622) Stratification occurs in
623) Regarding 10% law I. This law was put forward by Lindeman in 1942 II. According to this law, during the transfer of food energy from one tropical level to the other, only about 10% is stored at higher trophic level and the remaining 90% is lost in respiration, decomposition and waste in the form of heat Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
624) Ecological succession is a
625) At which latitude, heat gain through insolation approximately equals heat loss through terrestrial radiation?
626) Rabbits eats grass and other plants to survive, but they do not eat animals. Refer the best category for rabbits?
627) To show how many organisms are present at each level of a food chain, ecologists use a model called
628) Competition for food, light and space is most severe between two
629) The reservoir for the gaseous type of biogeochemical cycle exists in
630) Autotrophs
631) An ecosystem, which can be easily damaged but can recover after some time if damaging effect stops, will be having
632) Which of the following ecosystem types has the highest annual net primary productivity?
633) In pond ecosystem, diatoms represent
634) Two species occupying same or overlapping area are called as
635) Choose the area which will take minimum time for succession
636) Each tropical level has a certain mass of living material at a particular time called
637) The process by which water soluble inorganic nutrients go down into the soil horizon and get precipitated as unavailable salts is called as
638) The nature of climax community in ecological succession in most dependent upon
639) Group of two or more than two plant species is called as
640) The products of decomposition process are
641) The reservoir for the sedimentary cycle exists in
642) Standing crop refers to
643) Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in an ecosystem is called
644) Fill in the missing stages (A to D) in the given primary hydrarch succession. Phytoplankton → (A) → (B) → (C) → Marsh-meadow stage → (D) → Forest plant stage
645) A community that starts the process of succession in a barren habitat is called
646) How much incident sun radiation on earth is utilised by producers (plants)?
647) Percentage of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) that is captured by plants in synthesis of organic matter is
648) The term ‘homeostasis’ in an ecosystem refers to
649) Trophic level in ecosystem is formed by
650) Which one of the following is a sedimentary cycle?
651) Select the matched ones. I. Sedimentary nutrient - Nitrogen cycle II. Pioneer species - Lichens III. Secondary succession - Burned forests IV. Pyramid of biomass in sea - Upright
652) Which of the following is an example of man-made ecosystem?
653) The sunlight directly regulates the primary productivity because
654) What is the reason behind deficit rising in nutrient reservoir?
655) “Complete competitiors cannot coexist” is true for
656) In a comparative study of grassland ecosystem and pond ecosystem, it may be observed that
657) Food chain refers to
658) A person who eats a chicken that ate grain is a
659) Pyramid that is never inverted
660) Major ecological community of plants and animals extending over large natural areas is known as
661) In a pyramid of numbers in a grassland ecosystem, the largest population is that of
662) The exchange pool in the carbon cycle is
663) Primary productivity is I. is 10% less than secondary productivity II. is the rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers III. is expressed in terms of weight or energy IV. is the amount of biomass or organic matter produced per unit area over a time period in plants during photosynthesis Which of the statements given above are correct?
664) Which of the following is false?
665) These belong to the category of primary consumers
666) Total amount of living material at the various trophic level of a food chain is depicted by pyramids of
667) Primary productivity depends upon
668) Consider the following statements I. Producer are also called as transducers because they are able to change radiant energy into chemical form II. Consumers are animals, which feed on other organisms or their parts III. Decomposers are saprotrophs, which feed on dead bodies of organisms Which of the statements given above are correct?
669) Only a small amount of the energy stored in food is available to the next organism in a food chain because
670) The process of accumulation of a dark coloured …A… substance called …B… that is highly resistant to microbial action and undergoes decomposition at an extremely slow rate is called …C… Choose the correct option for A, B and C
671) In autogenic succession,
672) The average trophic efficiency of transfer of energy from one trophic level to the higher trophic level is called
673) The two components of an ecosystem are
674) The food chain which begin with dead organic matter is called
675) The rate of formation of new organic matter by rabbit in a grassland is called
676) The sequence of communities showing a gradual change in composition is called
677) Which of the following is the logical sequence of primary succession in water?
678) In an aquatic ecosystem, the trophic level equivalent to cows in grasslands is
679) Energy for the detritus food chain comes from
680) The organic substance, which decompose slowly are
681) Stability of ecosystem depends upon
682) Mr. X is eating curd/yoghurt. For this food intake in a food chain, he should be considered as occupying
683) A pyramid of number in grassland ecosystem shows
684) Phosphorus is needed for the production of
685) Which of the following statement is true about ecosystem?
686) Which food chain correctly describes the flow of energy in an ecosystem?
687) Phosphorus is the major constituent of I. biological membranes II. nucleic acids III. cellular energy transfer system Choose the correct option
688) The biomass available for consumption by the herbivores and the decomposers is called
689) In a grazing food chain carnivores may also the referred to as
690) In a food chain, the total amount of living material is depicted by
691) In an ecosystem, the insectivorous plants are placed in
692) Find the correct statement
693) The rate of which organic compounds are formed in a green plant or in a population of green plants per unit time and area is known as the
694) The correct sequence of plants in a hydrosere is
695) A sequence of species or organism through which the food energy pass in a community is called
696) Select the formula for ecological efficiency.
697) A functional aspect of an ecosystem is
698) Consider the following statements I. In a food chain one organism holds only one position II. In a food chain the flow of energy can be easily calculated III. In food chain competition is limited to the members of same trophic level Which of the statements given above are correct?
699) What is the percentage of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), if incident solar radiation is considered 100%?
700) Choose the wrong pair.
701) Which is an example of true pyramid in an ecosystem?
702) The 10% energy transfer law of food chain was given by
703) In plant succession, when climax is reached, the net productivity
704) The transition zone between two communities is known as
705) Primary productivity is
706) In food chain, maximum energy is stored in
707) Consider the following statements about pyramid of biomass I. When we plot the biomass (net dry weight) of producers, herbivores, carnivores and so on we have a pyramid of biomass II. Two types of pyramid of biomass are found, i.e., upright and inverted III. When larger weight of producers support a smaller of biomass weight of consumers an upright pyramid results IV. When smaller weight of producers support larger weight of consumers an inverted pyramid of biomass is formed Which of the statements given above are correct?
708) The final stable community in ecological succession is
709) In what order do a hawk, grass and rabbit form a food chain in a meadow?
710) What is the amount of carbon fixed in biosphere through photosynthesis annually?
711) Find out the correct order of succession levels in xerarch.
712) In the phosphorus cycle, weathering makes phosphate available first to
713) Which of the following is wrongly matched?
714) The factors influencing the rate of decomposition are
715) Decomposers like fungi and bacteria are I. autotrophs II. heterotrophs III. saprotrophs IV. chemoautotrophs Choose the correct option
716) Which of the following groups is absolutely essential functional component of the ecosystem?
717) Lichens that start the succession on a rock belongs to
718) Peacock eats a snake and snake eats frog and frog eats insect while insect eats green plant, the position of peacock is
719) The enzymatic process by which degraded detritus is converted into simpler inorganic substances is called
720) Consider the following statements I. The pyramid of biomass is inverted in a pond ecosystem II. Pyramid of energy is never inverted III. Pyramid of number is inverted in a tree ecosystem IV. Pyramid of biomass in forest ecosystem is upright Which of the statements given above are correct?
721) Plants which are attached to the rocks are called
722) The ecological pyramid that is always upright
723) The sequential, gradual and predictable changes in the species compositions in an area are called
724) Food chain is a series of population, which starts with producers. It is concerning with
725) One model that shows how energy passes from one trophic level to another trophic level is called
726) In an ecosystem, in which an organism occupies a specific place in a food chain
727) All are true for climax community except
728) Excessive moisture inhibit the process of decomposition due to
729) Select the true statements I. Gross primary productivity is equal to the net primary productivity minus respiration II. Gross primary productivity is equals to net primary productivity plus photosynthesis III. Net primary productivity is equal to photosynthesis plus respiration IV. Net primary productivity is equal to gross primary productivity minus respiration V. Flow of energy in an ecosystem is unidirectional
730) Which of the following statements regarding food chain is false?
731) Phytoplanktons
732) Which of the following pair is a gaseous type of biogeochemical cycle?
733) Which zone of a lake has no photosynthetic organism?
734) The second stage of hydrosere is occupied by the plants like
735) If a single plant species is removed from a food web, then most likely
736) Fungi in a forest ecosystem is
737) The ultimate energy source of ecosystem is
738) Lichen is the pioneer vegetation on which succession?
739) Benthic organisms are found in
740) Organisms that breakdown the detritus into matter particles are
741) The assemblage of all the population of different species that function as an integrated unit through coevolved metabolic transformation in a specific area is called
742) The organisms which physically and chemically breaks the complex dead organic remains are known as
743) Which of the following helps in the growth of terrestrial pteridophytes in tropical rain forest?
744) Which one of the following shows detritus food chain?
745) Energy enters the ecosystem through
746) Deserts, grasslands, forests and tundra are the examples of
747) Decomposers of an ecosystem includes
748) The pyramid of energy is always upright for any ecosystem. This situation indicates the fact that
749) Term ‘ecosystem development’ to ecological succession was given by
750) Organisms are classified into trophic levels according to
751) The tiger biomass is 10 kg in grass-deer-tiger food chain. The grass biomass will be
752) Study the four statements (I-IV) given below and select the two correct ones out of them I. A lion eating a deer and a sparrow feeding on grain are ecologically similar in being consumers. II. Predator star fish Pisasterhelps in maintaining species diversity of some invertebrates. III. Predators ultimately lead to the extinction of prey species. IV. Production of chemicals such as nicotine, strychnine by the plants are metabolic disorders.
753) Building of biomass or storage of energy by green plants in a unit time and area is called
754) Sal and teak are dominant in
755) Rate of conversion of light energy into chemical energy of organic molecules in an ecosystem is
756) What percentage of heabivore’s chemical energy is transferred to the chemical energy within the carnivore tissue?
757) In which layer of soil decomposition occurs at maximum rate?
758) Term ‘ecosystem’ was given by
759) Most diverse organisms of an ecosystem are
760) Primary succession is the development of communities on
761) Select the incorrect food chain
762) Which one of the following correctly represents as organism and its ecological niche?
763) The pyramid of number of a parasitic food chain in tree ecosystem is
764) Stratification is more pronounced in
765) What is true about the phosphorus cycle? I. Rocks are the natural reservoirs of phosphorus II. Weathering of sedimentary rocks makes phosphate available to the soil III. Herbivores and carnivores obtain phosphorus from plant directly or indirectly Choose the correct option
766) How much carbon is dissolved in the oceans?
767) The greatest biomass of autotrophs in the world’s oceans is that of
768) Which one of the following is commonly found in temperate coniferous forests?
769) Littoral zone is located along the
770) Biological equilibrium is found among the
771) Net primary productivity is utilised by
772) Which of the following is the logical sequence of primary succession in rocks?
773) Another name of nutrient cycling is
774) Which one of the following statements for pyramid of energy is incorrect, whereas the remaining three are correct?
775) Transition zone between two ecosystems is
776) Statement 1: A network of food chains existing together in an ecosystem is known as a food web. Statement 2: An animal like kite cannot be a part of a food web.
777) Statement 1: In a food chain members of successive higher levels are fewer in number. Statement 2: Number of organisms at any trophic level depends upon the availability of organisms, which serve as food at the lower level.
778) Statement 1: Nutrient cycle means the cycling of glucose or reserved food material within the plant body Statement 2: Transfer of biogenetic nutrients between living and non-living components is called biogeochemical cycle
779) Statement 1: Oceans acts as the global sink for CO2 Statement 2: Human activities are increasing CO2 concentration in the air
780) Statement 1: Herbivores are also called as first order consumers Statement 2: Herbivores obtain their food directly from plants
781) Statement 1: Tropical rain forests are disappearing fast from developing countries such as India. Statement 2: No value is attached to these forests because these are poor in biodiversity
782) Statement 1: True xerophytes store water in the form of mucilage which helps to withstand prolonged period of drought. Statement 2: Vascular and mechanical tissues are well developed in true xerophytes.
783) Statement 1: The pyramid of number of pond ecosystem is upright Statement 2: Phytoplanktons are maximum and secondary consumers are least in number
784) Statement 1: The pyramid of energy is always upright Statement 2: Number of autotrophs in the pyramid of energy are maximum
785) Statement 1: Ecological succession can turn a lake into a dryland forest with time Statement 2: A bare rock can become a forest through ecological succession
786) Statement 1: An ecosystem is an interaction between biotic and abiotic components Statement 2: AG Tansley coined the term ecosystem
787) Statement 1: Bacteria and fungi are microconsumers Statement 2: Bacteria and fungi use a very little part of living plant and animals
788) The ecological niche of population is a
789) Energy flow and energy transformation in living systems strictly conform to the
790) Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?
791) Regarding the mode of obtaining food, the organisms occurring in an ecosystem are classified into plants, animals and microorganisms. These are respectively called
792) The amount of living matter present in an ecosystem at a given time is called
793) Most diverse organism of an ecosystem is
794) Plant species having a wide range of genetical distribution evolve into a local population known as
795) If we completely remove the decomposers from an ecosystem, its functioning will be adversely affected because
796) Energy transfers or transformation are never 100% efficient. This is due to
797) Nektons are
798) Which of the following communities is more vulnerable to invasion by outside animals and plants?
799) ‘Sun basket’ is
800) Detritus food chain law accounts for more energy flow than garzing food chain because
801) Primary consumers are
802) The minimum number of components required for an ecosystem to survive
803) In plant succession, when climax community is reached, the net productivity
804) Pond is defined as a
805) Niche is defined as the
806) Most stable ecosystem is
807) Community is a group of independent and interacting population of
808) Pollution caused by persistent pesticides is relatively more hazardous to which type of organisms?
809) If decomposers are removed what will happen to the ecosystem?
810) Organisms living in open sea are called
811) Which one of the following is one of the characteristics of a biological community?
812) Broad-leaved forests of oak are found in
