174) The Calvin cycle proceeds in three stages.
1. reduction, during which carbohydrate is formed at the expense of the photochemically made ATP and NADPH
2. regeneration, during which the carbon dioxide acceptor ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate is formed
3. carboxylation,during which carbon dioxide combines with ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate.
230) The chemiosmotic hypothesis explains the ATP
synthesis mechanism. Like in respiration, in
photosynthesis too, ATP synthesis is linked to the
development of proton gradient across the
membrane. This time these are the membranes of
the thylakoid. There is one difference that in
photosynthesis the proton accumulation is
towards the inside of membrane, i.e., in the lumen.
In respiration, proton accumulate in the
intermembrane of the mitochondria when
electrons move through the ETS (Electron
Transport System)