NOTES

Antecedent drainage i.e. Himalayan rivers are older than lesser Himalayas and shiwaliks (older than the structures they cut across). - Nature of flow is perennial- fed by rain and melting glaciers. - Geologically young - Long courses - Flow through lose alluvial soils of northern plains - Form deep valley and gorges due to intensive erosion. - Generate large quantities of sediment. - Cause annual flooding. - Nature of river course is quiet changing, meandering , forming ox-bow lakes, high waterfalls, deeper basins and large catchment areas and form deltas.